Pick a scenario

Each one assumes the lessons of the one before it. The palette is scoped deliberately — not everything offered belongs in the answer.

Level 1 · foundations

First Real Customers

You run a helpdesk SaaS. Support teams at other companies use it to track their tickets. You have just signed your 500th customer organisation -- roughly 25,000 end users, all in one country, all on the web app.

Accounts and login
p99 ≤ 500ms
availability ≥ 99.00%
budget ≤ $300/mo
peak 400 rps
Level 2 · under load

The Front Page

You run a recipe site. It has been quietly profitable for years on one server and a database, serving maybe 200 people at a time.

Public, crawlable pagesAccounts and login
p99 ≤ 400ms
availability ≥ 99.50%
budget ≤ $450/mo
peak 2,400 rps
Level 3 · distributed

Receipts and Payments

You build expenses software for small businesses. It does two things.

Accounts and loginUsers upload filesWork happens after the responseTakes paymentsReporting and exports
p99 ≤ 400ms
availability ≥ 99.90%
budget ≤ $900/mo
peak 600 rps
compliance PII, PCI
Level 3 · distributed

The Render Queue

You work on a design tool. Two of its features are expensive.

Accounts and loginUsers upload filesWork happens after the response
p99 ≤ 300ms
availability ≥ 99.90%
budget ≤ $9000/mo
peak 1,200 rps
Level 4 · multi-region

Everything Downstream

Every time someone edits a design, several things need to know.

Accounts and loginFull-text searchReporting and exportsWork happens after the response
p99 ≤ 250ms
availability ≥ 99.90%
budget ≤ $3000/mo
peak 1,500 rps
Level 4 · multi-region

A Billion Designs

There are over a billion designs. One database cannot hold them, and has not been able to for two years.

Accounts and loginFull-text searchReporting and exports
p99 ≤ 350ms
availability ≥ 99.95%
budget ≤ $4500/mo
peak 6,000 rps
compliance PII
Level 4 · multi-region

The Viral Deck

Users can publish a design as a public page. Most are read by nobody.

Public, crawlable pagesAccounts and loginReporting and exports
p99 ≤ 300ms
availability ≥ 99.95%
budget ≤ $2500/mo
peak 12,000 rps